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Mass (liturgy)
Mass is one of the names by which the sacrament of the Eucharist is commonly called in the Catholic Church,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3Y.HTM )〕 Western Rite Orthodox churches and many Old Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches. Apart from "Eucharist" others are the "Lord's Supper", the "Breaking of Bread", the "Eucharistic assembly (synaxis)", the "memorial of the Lord's Passion and Resurrection", the "Holy Sacrifice", the "Holy and Divine Liturgy" and "Holy Communion". In these denominations, the term ''Mass'' often refers to the entire church service in general. Some Protestants employ terms such as ''Divine Service'' or ''service of worship'', rather than the word ''Mass'', although other Protestants, such as Anglicans and Lutherans, use the word. For the celebration of the Eucharist in Eastern churches, including those in full communion with the Holy See, other terms such as the ''Divine Liturgy'', the ''Qurbono Qadisho'' or ''Holy Qurbana'' and the ''Badarak'' are normal.
The term "Mass" may be derived from the Late Latin word ''missa'' (dismissal), a word used in the concluding formula of Mass in Latin: ''"Ite, missa est"'' ("Go; it is the dismissal").〔''Missa'' here is a Late Latin substantive corresponding to the word ''missio'' in classical Latin.〕 "In antiquity, ''missa'' simply meant 'dismissal'. In Christian usage, however, it gradually took on a deeper meaning. The word 'dismissal' has come to imply a 'mission'. These few words succinctly express the missionary nature of the Church".〔((Pope Benedict XVI, ''Sacramentum caritatis'', 51 ))〕
==Mass in the Catholic Church==
(詳細はCatholic Church sees the Mass or Eucharist as "the source and summit of the Christian life", to which the other sacraments are oriented.〔(Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1324 )〕 The Catholic Church believes that the Mass is exactly the same sacrifice that Jesus Christ offered on the Cross at Calvary. The term "Mass" is generally used only in the Latin Church, while the Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Churches use the analogous term "Divine Liturgy" and other Eastern Catholic Churches have terms such as Holy Qurbana. Although similar in outward appearance to the Anglican Mass or Lutheran Mass, the Catholic Church distinguishes between its own Mass and theirs on the basis of what it views as the validity of the orders of their clergy, and as a result, does not ordinarily permit intercommunion between members of these Churches. However, in the Decree on Ecumenism, produced by Vatican II in 1964, the Catholic Church also notes its understanding that when other faith groups (such as Lutherans, Anglicans, and Presbyterians) "commemorate His death and resurrection in the Lord's Supper, they profess that it signifies life in communion with Christ and look forward to His coming in glory."〔
Within the fixed structure outlined below, which is specific to the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite, the Scripture readings, the antiphons sung or recited during the entrance procession or communion, and certain other prayers vary each day according to the liturgical calendar. For more information regarding the structure and history of the approved Extraordinary Form of the Mass in the Roman Rite see Mass (Catholic Church)
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